Gait refers to an individual's particular manner or pattern of moving on foot, whether walking, jogging, or running. In humans, it is a complex biomechanical process requiring the coordinated effort of the nervous, musculoskeletal, and cardiorespiratory systems to maintain balance and propel the body forward.
The Gait Cycle
The basic unit of walking is the gait cycle, which begins when one heel strikes the ground and ends when that same heel touches the ground again. It is divided into two primary phases:
The Gait Cycle
The basic unit of walking is the gait cycle, which begins when one heel strikes the ground and ends when that same heel touches the ground again. It is divided into two primary phases:
Common Abnormal Gait Patterns
Variations in gait can be caused by injuries, neurological conditions, or pain.
Antalgic Gait: A limp developed to avoid pain on weight-bearing structures; the time spent on the painful limb is shortened.
Ataxic Gait: An uncoordinated, wide-based walk often caused by cerebellar dysfunction.
Parkinsonian Gait: Characterized by small, shuffling steps and a stooped posture, common in Parkinson's disease.
Steppage Gait: Occurs when a person must lift their leg higher than normal to prevent their toes from dragging, typically due to foot drop.